What type of ice protection system is employed for the windshield?

The windshield of an aircraft typically employs an electric heating system for ice protection. This system works by using electrical energy to generate heat, which helps to prevent ice from forming on the surface of the windshield during flight in icy conditions. The use of an electric heating system is effective as it can be precisely controlled to prevent accumulation of ice while not excessively overheating the windshield, which could lead to structural damage.

Utilizing an electric heating system has advantages such as being lightweight and capable of quick response times, which is essential for maintaining visibility in rapidly changing weather conditions. It is integrated into the aircraft's electrical system, allowing for easy activation and management during flight operations.

Other systems, like fluid de-icing systems, may be used on other parts of the aircraft but are not typically used for the windshield due to their complexity and weight. Resistance heating wires could also be part of the broader concept of electrically heated systems, but it is the specific electric heating system that is commonly mentioned in the context of practical ice protection for windshields. Infrared heating panels are not standard practice for protecting windshields, making the electric heating system the most relevant and widely used option.